Structural basis for leucine sensing by the Sestrin2-mTORC1 pathway.
Publication Type:
Journal ArticleSource:
Science, Volume 351, Issue 6268, p.53-8 (2016)Keywords:
Amino Acid Sequence, Binding Sites, Crystallography, X-Ray, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Leucine, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Molecular Sequence Data, Multiprotein Complexes, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins, Protein Binding, Protein Structure, Secondary, Protein Structure, Tertiary, TOR Serine-Threonine KinasesAbstract:
<p>Eukaryotic cells coordinate growth with the availability of nutrients through the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a master growth regulator. Leucine is of particular importance and activates mTORC1 via the Rag guanosine triphosphatases and their regulators GATOR1 and GATOR2. Sestrin2 interacts with GATOR2 and is a leucine sensor. Here we present the 2.7 angstrom crystal structure of Sestrin2 in complex with leucine. Leucine binds through a single pocket that coordinates its charged functional groups and confers specificity for the hydrophobic side chain. A loop encloses leucine and forms a lid-latch mechanism required for binding. A structure-guided mutation in Sestrin2 that decreases its affinity for leucine leads to a concomitant increase in the leucine concentration required for mTORC1 activation in cells. These results provide a structural mechanism of amino acid sensing by the mTORC1 pathway.</p>